items sorted by publication date
Globalization, Macroeconomic Performance, and Monetary Policy 
By Frederic S. Mishkin, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1, 2008 (Paper can be downloaded from the website)
The paper argues that many of the exaggerated claims that globalization has been an important factor in lowering inflation in recent years just do not hold up. Globalization does, however, have the potential to be stabilizing for individual economies and has been a key factor in promoting economic growth.
>> More Details | created on: 05/13/2008
Why Did Financial Globalisation Disappoint?
By Dani Rodrik & Arvind Subramanian, Development Industry, March 1, 2008 (paper can be downloaded by following the url link)
In the wake of the sub-prime financial crisis, the claims that recent financial engineering has generated large gains are sounding less plausible, and it is becoming clear that domestic finance will come under closer scrutiny.
>> More Details | created on: 05/15/2008
International Economic Policy: Was There a Bush Doctrine?
By Barry Eichengreen & Douglas A. Irwin, National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1, 2008 (Paper can be downloaded from the website)
The Bush Administration's foreign economic policy was very similar to its predecessors due, in large part, to entrenched special interest groups that were difficult to resist. The next administration will likely contend with similar problems like overseeing a successful conclusion to the Doha Round and negotiating an agreement with China to reduce its accumulation of dollar reserves. Continuity will likely remain the rule.
>> More Details | created on: 05/13/2008
Preference Bias and Outsourcing to Market: A Steady-State Analysis
By Ping Wang & Raymond G. Riezman, SSRN, February 1, 2008 (Paper can be downloaded from the website)
Outsourcing has the advantage of providing better information about local preferences. The disadvantage is that producing in the host country also means using inferior technology embodied in the local capital. The paper concludes that preference based outsourcing is more likely to occur with higher income host countries.
>> More Details | created on: 05/14/2008
Blue-Collar Blues: Is Trade to Blame for Rising Income Inequality?
By Robert Z. Lawrence, International Economics, January 1, 2008 (book preview can be downloaded at this site)
International Trade accounts for only a small share of growing income inequality and labor-market displacement in the United States.
>> More Details | created on: 05/15/2008
China: Coming to Grips with the New Global Player
By Horst Siebert, The World Economy (2007), October 8, 2007
The transformation of the centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s took place in a disheartening valley of tears. In the reforms that started around 1989, Poland, Hungary and the then still united Czech and Slovak Republics lost roughly 20 per cent of their GDP. In Russia, where the reforms began in 1991 rather than 1989, the plunge amounted to more than 40 per cent. East German industrial production collapsed to one-third of its former level.
>> More Details | created on: 10/08/2007
Services Trade and Domestic Regulation
By Henk Kox and Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås, June 15, 2007 (OECD working paper)
This paper argues that regulatory measures affect the fixed cost of entering a market as well as the variable costs of servicing that market. Moreover, differences in regulation among countries often imply that firms have to incur entry costs in every new market.
>> More Details | created on: 06/15/2007
Expanding International Supply Chains: The Role of Emerging Economies in Providing IT and Business Process Services
By Michael Engman, OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 52, June 15, 2007
This paper looks at the expansion of international supply chains and the rise of
China, the Czech Republic, India and the Philippines as exporters of BPS and ITS. It also analyses the nature of and factors behind this trade and identifies major business- and trade-related challenges arising.
>> More Details | created on: 06/15/2007
A New International Division of Labor in Europe: Outsourcing and Offshoring to Eastern Europe
By Dalia Marin, May 31, 2007 (Journal of the European Economic Association)
Europe is reorganizing its international value chain. I document these changes in Europe's international organization of production with new survey data of Austrian and German firms investing in Eastern Europe.
>> More Details | created on: 05/31/2007
Seeing through Preconceptions: A Deeper Look at China and India
By VIVEK WADHWA and GARY GEREFFI & BEN RISSING and RYAN ONG, April 7, 2007
To guide education policy and maintain its innovation leadership, the United States must acquire an accurate understanding of the quantity and quality of engineering graduates in India and China.
>> More Details | created on: 04/07/2007
The Rise of offshoring: it's not wine for cloth anymore
By Gene M. Grossman & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, Princeton University, January 19, 2007 (original date july 2006)
>> View Article | created on: 01/20/2007
Industry Trends in Engineering Offshoring
By Vivek Wadhwa, Duke University, November 8, 2006
Engineering jobs are being offshored to countries like India and China, and this trend seems to be gaining momentum. It is not clear whether this will erode U.S competitiveness or provide long term benefit. What is clear is that there is insufficient independent research on this topic.
>> More Details | created on: 11/08/2006
Trading Task: A Simple Theory of Offshoring
By Gene M. Grossman & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, Princeton University, October 31, 2006
For centries, most international trade involved an exchange of complete goods. But, with recent improvements in transportation and communications technology, it increasingly entails different countries adding value to global supply chain, or what might be called "trade in task." We propose a new conceptualization of the global production process that focuses on tradable tasks and use it to study how falling costs of offshoring affect factor prices in the source country......
>> More Details | created on: 06/26/2007
Services Offshoring Working Group
By Timothy J. Sturgeon, Industrial Performance Center (MIT), October 10, 2006
Although the scale of services offshoring has likely been modest so far, it will inevitably grow and stimulate changes in the United States economy — both positive and negative — through the relocation of work and the internationalization of innovative activities.
>> More Details | created on: 10/10/2006
Offshoring: Political Myths and Economic Reality
By David Smith, The World Economy, August 25, 2006
Overseas outsourcing, commonly known as offshoring, is an aspect of globalisation that has attracted significant political and media attention. David Smith discusses the phenomenon and examines the costs and benefits both to the companies and countries from which activities are being outsourced and to the host economy.
>> More Details | created on: 08/25/2006
The politics and Economics of Offshore outsourcing
By N. Gregory Mankiw & Phillip Swagel, August 25, 2006
>> View Article | created on: 08/25/2006
India and China: Trade and Foreign Investment
By Arvind Panagariya, Columbia University, June 1, 2006 (Paper presented at the Stanford Pan Asia Conference 2006)
... for an Indophile, comparing the performance of the external sector of India to that of China is a humbling experience. Having completed my review, I even wonder whether there is any justification for graphing the external sectors of the two countries on the same graph other than to show that they are in different leagues.
>> More Details | created on: 10/23/2007
Service Offshoring and Productivity: Evidence from the United States
By Mary Amiti & Shang-Jin Wei, NBER, January, 2006
The practice of sourcing service inputs from overseas suppliers has been growing in response to new technologies that have made it possible to trade in some business and computing services that were previously considered non-tradable. This paper estimates the effects of offshoring on productivity
in US manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2000, using instrumental variables estimation to address the potential endogeneity and errors in measurement of offshoring. It finds that service offshoring has a significant positive effect on productivity in the US, accounting for around 11
percent of productivity growth during this period. Offshoring material inputs also has a positive effect on productivity, but the magnitude is smaller accounting for approximately 5 percent of
productivity growth.
>> More Details | created on: 02/06/2006
CRITICAL ISSUES IN INDIA’S SERVICE-LED GROWTH 
By Rashmi Banga, INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS, October 15, 2005
India’s services sector has witnessed tremendous growth in the last ten years. But this growth has not been accompanied by a corresponding growth in employment in the service sector. The share of manufacturing sector in GDP has also declined in the 1990s. This has led to a policy dilemma and doubts have been cast on the sustainability of service-led growth. The paper attempts to resolve some of these issues.
>> More Details | created on: 11/10/2005
A Fairer Deal for America's Workers in a new era of Offshoring
By Lael Brainard & Robert E. Litan, Nicholas Warren, Brookings Institute, September 14, 2005
With a new wave of white-collar offshoring coming fast on the heels of accelerated job losses in manufacturing, an ever-broader pool of American workers is finding that the nation’s safety net has more holes than netting. The nation can and must do more to help insure the livelihoods of American workers in the face of structural shifts of whatever form, while preserving the benefits of an open and innovative economy. With technological
change and offshoring accelerating job turnover and the pace at which workers’ jobspecific skills lose value, the time has come for the federal government to strengthen the existing safety net.
>> More Details | created on: 11/28/2005
Outsourcing, Foreign Ownership and Productivity: Evidence from UK Establishment Level Data
By S. Girma & H. Görg, The Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy in the School of Economics, University of Nottingham, September 2, 2005
This paper presents an empirical analysis of “outsourcing” using establishment level data for UK manufacturing industries. We analyse an establishment’s decision to outsource and the subsequent effects of outsourcing on the establishment’s productivity.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
Strategic approach to evaluating outsourcing
Katzenbach, August 11, 2005
New research by consulting firm Katzenbach Partners LLC suggests that a set of India-based information technology and outsourcing companies could ultimately lead on a global basis, potentially unseating such giants as EDS, Computer Sciences Corp., Capgemini, Unisys, Perot Systems, Accenture and BearingPoint.
>> View Article | created on: 10/18/2005
Comments on Markusen, “Modeling the Offshoring of White Collar Services: From Comparative Advantage to the New Theories of Trade and FDI”
By Alan Deardorff, University of Michigan, August 6, 2005
This paper responds to a paper on outsourcing written by Markusen. In essence, the paper clarifies some of Markusen's models for outsourcing.
>> More Details | created on: 12/20/2005
Beyond Cost Reduction:The Risks and Rewards of Global Services Sourcing
By Hitendra Wadhwa, Rohit Arora and Harpreet Khurana, Columbia Business School, July 27, 2005
As the "offshoring" phenomenon has gained momentum, anecdotes and rhetoric on offshoring’s (both positive and negative) effects on employment, customer service quality and costs have polarized business leaders and the general public alike. The haphazard nature of existing accounts leaves a number of questions unanswered: What is the totality of risks and rewards that offshoring offers today? How is this landscape evolving? What areas are more or less advanced? What are best practices in the design and implementation of offshoring? What learnings have the pioneers accumulated along the way, and what models have they developed to maximize the impact of their offshore operations at a global level? These questions have enormous strategic and financial implications for businesses, and yet are not presently understood in a comprehensive manner.
>> More Details | created on: 10/12/2005
Offshoring in the Semiconductor Industry: A Historical Perspective
By Clair Brown & Greg Linden, U.C. Berkeley, July 22, 2005 (prepared for the 2005 Brookings Trade Forum)
Semiconductor design is one of the many white-collar job categories considered to be at
risk from offshoring by U.S. companies via investments and outsourcing. Data about this activity are scarce and hard to interpret, but there is much to be learned from looking at earlier periods in the industry’s history when other phases of the semiconductor value chain – assembly and fabrication – experienced rapid offshore expansion.
>> More Details | created on: 10/12/2005
Tradable Services:Understanding the Scope and Impact of Services Offshoring
By J. Bradford Jensen & Lori G. Kletzer, Institute for International Economics, July 14, 2005
In general, we find little evidence that service activities that are tradable have lower employment growth than other service activities. However, at the lowest end of the skill distribution there is suggestive evidence of lower employment growth. There is also evidence of higher worker displacement rates in tradable services. Workers displaced from tradable service activities are different from displaced manufacturing workers; displaced tradable service workers have higher skills and higher pre-displacement earnings than displaced manufacturing workers.
>> More Details | created on: 10/11/2005
Modeling the Offshoring of White-Collar Services:From Comparative Advantage to the New Theories of Trade and FDI
By James R. Markusen, University of Colorado, Boulder, July 11, 2005 (Prepared for the Brookings Forum, “Offshoring White-Collar Work: The Issues and Implications")
Trade theory consists of a portfolio of models. What elements might be useful in modeling the offshoring of white-collar services, or do these issues call for an entirely fresh approach? I try to identifying some of the important aspects of this henomenon and then argue that modeling could focus on (a) vertical fragmentation of production, (b) expansion of trade at
the extensive margin, (c) fragments that differ in factor intensities and countries that differ in endowments, and (d) knowledge or capital stocks of countries or firms that are complementary to skilled labor, and create missing inputs for countries otherwise well suited to skill-intensive fragments. The author argues that we can make good progress by selecting a number of “modules” from existing theory.
>> More Details | created on: 10/11/2005
ICT, Access To Services And Wage Inequality
By Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås, World Trade Organization, July 3, 2005
For what kind of intermediate input/service do firms often go outsourcing? This paper develops a model of two-stage production in which economies of scope are central to the production of both the intermediate and final good. The model is able to explain the patterns of outsourcing from the degree of product differentiation, economies of scope, and economies of scale in production of the intermediate input relative to that of the final good.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
Potential Offshoring: Evidence from Selected OECD
By Desirée van Welsum & Xavier Reif, OECD, July 1, 2005 (DSTI-ICCP)
Despite the widespread media attention given to the apparent offshoring of service sector jobs, little is known about the extent of this phenomenon, or the extent to which it is related to other economic and structural developments. In particular, an explicit link is often made between trade, the activities of multinational firms and changes in employment but this has not been founded on any solid evidence.
>> More Details | created on: 10/12/2005
A Comparison of Service Management Employment in US and Indian Call Centers
By Rosemary Batt & Virginia Doellgast Hyunji Kwon, Cornell University, July 1, 2005 (Paper prepared for Brookings Trade Forum 2005)
This paper compares the practices across three types of call-centers: U.S. in-house, U.S. outsourced, and Indian outsourced-offshore operations.
>> More Details | created on: 11/28/2005
Offshoring: Threats and Opportunities
By Daniel Trefler, Rotman School of Management and Department of Economics at the University of Toronto, July 1, 2005 (A Paper Prepared for the Brookings Trade Forum 2005)
The recent spectacular increase in trade volumes poses large challenges to businesses and workers who must adjust to a new level of global competition. This by itself does not call for a complete rethinking of U.S. trade policy. What does pose a new policy dilemma is the rise of service offshoring. Service offshoring is the use of workers located abroad to provide sophisticated services to U.S. customers. Service offshoring is currently small. As it grows it will undoubtedly have important effects on America. However, the real concern is that in the longer run of 10-20 years, Chinese and Indian exports will devastate the United States. This concern is misplaced for two reasons. First, it ignores the ironclad law of comparative advantage which states that no country can export all goods. Second, it ignores the fact that weak institutions in these countries will retard the rate at which these countries develop as powerhouses of innovation.
>> More Details | created on: 10/10/2005
International Outsourcing and Productivity: Evidence from Plant Level Data
By Holger Görg & Aoife Hanley, The Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalization and Economic Policy, June 3, 2005
This paper examines the effect of international outsourcing of intermediate inputs on labour productivity at the level of the plant that engages in outsourcing. To do so we use plant level data for the electronics industry in the Republic of Ireland.
>> More Details | created on: 09/26/2005
The Role of U.S. Tax Policy in Offshoring
By Kimberly A. Clausing, Reed College, June 1, 2005 (prepared for the Brookings Institute Trade Forum)
The United States tax system taxes the foreign income of U.S. resident firms upon repatriation, providing a credit for tax paid to foreign governments. Deferral of U.S. taxation until repatriation provides an incentive for U.S. based multinational firms to undertake offshoring activities in low-tax countries and to shift profits toward low-tax destinations.
>> More Details | created on: 10/12/2005
Globalization and the Offshoring of Services: The Case of India
By Rafiq Dossani, Asia-Pacific Research Center, Stanford University, April 6, 2005
Over the past decade, developing countries around the world, particularly in Asia, have become large producers of services for developed countries. Some have even argued that the ability of countries like China and India to undertake high-end services work, such as in semiconductor design and information technology (IT), can threaten employment in developed countries. In this paper, we use India as a case study of growth and valueaddition in providing offshored services.
>> More Details | created on: 10/12/2005
Trade And Foreign Direct Investment In Services: A Review
By Rashmi Banga, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, February 1, 2005
This paper undertakes a selective review of both theoretical as well as empirical studies on trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) in services.
>> More Details | created on: 09/26/2005
Outsourcing And Technological Change
By Ann Bartel & Saul Lach, NBER, February 1, 2005
The paper argues that an important source of the recent increase in outsourcing is the computer and information technology revolution, characterized by increased rates of technological change. The model shows that an increase in the pace of technological change increases outsourcing because it allows firms to use services based on leading edge technologies without incurring the sunk costs of adopting these new technologies.
>> More Details | created on: 08/26/2005
Offshoring In A Knowledge Economy
By Pol Antràs & Luis Garicano, NBER, January 1, 2005
How does the formation of cross-country teams affect the organization of work and the structure of wages? To study this question this paper proposes a theory of the assignment of heterogeneous agents into hierarchical teams, where less skilled agents specialize in production and more skilled agents specialize in problem solving.
>> More Details | created on: 08/26/2005
Labour Demand Effects Of International Outsourcing: Evidence From Plant Level Data
By Holger Görg & Aoife Hanley, Leverhulme Center for Research on Globalization and Economic Policy, December 1, 2004
We examine empirically the effect of international outsourcing on abour demand at the level of the individual plant. We do so by estimating a dynamic model of plant level labour demand, using a Generalised Method of Moments estimator.
>> View Article | created on: 08/26/2005
The Muddles Over Outsourcing
By Jagdish Bhagwati & Arvind Panagariya, Journal of Economic Perspectives, September 1, 2004
Defines outsourcing as the services trade at arm's length that does not require geographical proximity of the buyer and the seller—the so-called Mode 1 services in the WTO terminology—conducted principally via the electronic mediums such as the telephone, fax and Internet. It argues that fears that offshore outsourcing will lead to high-value jobs being replaced by low-value jobs down the road are argued to be implausible in view of several qualitative arguments to the contrary.
>> More Details | created on: 08/26/2005
Fear Of Service Outsourcing: Is It Justified?
By Mary Amiti & Shang-Jin Wei, NBER, September 1, 2004
This paper shows that although service outsourcing has been steadily increasing it is still very low, and that in the United States and many other industrial countries ""insourcing"" is greater than outsourcing. Using the United Kingdom as a case study, it finds that job growth at a sectoral level is not negatively related to service outsourcing.
>> More Details | created on: 08/26/2005
A Trade Theorist’s Take On Skilled-Labor
By Alan V. Deardorff, University of Michigan, September 1, 2004
This paper explores theoretically a simple story of outsourcing in which factor proportions and technology interact across activities performed within industries or firms. The model has a single sector in which a final output is produced from two activities that differ in their intensity of use of skilled and unskilled labor.
>> More Details | created on: 11/28/2005
Where Ricardo and Mill Rebut and Confirm Arguments of Mainstream Economists Supporting Globalization
By Paul A. Samuelson, Journal of Economic Perspectives, June 1, 2004
Autarky real per capita well being, does not deny that new technical Chinese progress in goods that America previously had competitive advantage in can, ceteris paribus, lower permanently measurable per capita U.S. real income. Nor does it deny that technical progress in China's export goods can, ceteris paribus, hurt permanently her own net measurable per capita real income itself when demand inelasticity prevails.
>> More Details | created on: 09/26/2005
The Globalization Of The Software Industry: Perspectives And Opportunities For Developed And Developing Countries
By Asish Arora & Alfonso Gambardella, NBER, June 1, 2004
The spectacular growth of the software industry in some non-G7 economies has aroused both interest and concern. This paper addresses two sets of inter-related issues. First, we explore the determinants of these successful stories.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
Perspectives on Global Outsourcing and the Changing Nature of Work
By Christopher B. Clott, Business and Society Review, June 1, 2004 (Subscription Required)
This paper discusses factors leading to global outsourcing, and details arguments for and against global outsourcing. It analyzes the long term impact of global outsourcing on the nature of firms and workforce in developed economies.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
International Outsourcing and Wages: Winners and Losers
By Ingo Geishecker & Holger Görg, March 1, 2004
Our paper investigates the link between international outsourcing and wages utilising a large household panel and combining it with industry level information on industries’ outsourcing activities from input-output tables. By doing so we can arguably overcome the potential aggregation bias as well as other shortcomings that affect industry level studies. We find that outsourcing has had a marked impact on wages.
>> View Article | created on: 08/26/2005
Pre-empting Protectionism in Services - the WTO and Outsourcing
By Aaditya Mattoo & Sacha Wunsch, World Bank, March 1, 2004
Cross-border trade in services is growing rapidly, with both developed and developing countries among the most dynamic exporters. Despite the substantial global benefits from such trade, the adjustment pressures created in importing countries could provoke a protectionist backlash - some signs of which are already visible in procurement and regulatory restrictions. The current negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda offer an opportunity to lock in current openness and preempt protectionism. This note describes how a bold initiative under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) can help secure openness.
>> More Details | created on: 09/26/2005
Moving People to Deliver Services : How Can the WTO Help?
By Sumanta Chaudhuri & Aaditya Mattoo and others, World Bank, March 1, 2004
The previous General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) negotiations produced little liberalization of the movement of individual service providers (mode 4), and the potentially large global gains from such movement remain unrealized. In the current negotiations, as part of the Doha Development Agenda, developing countries are seeking greater openness in their area of comparative advantage: the movement of providers unrelated to commercial presence abroad.
>> More Details | created on: 09/26/2005
Has the internet increased trade? Evidence from industrial and developing countries
By George Clarke & Scott Wallsten, World Bank, February 1, 2004
This paper examines the impact of internet on export of goods and services. It finds that higher Internet penetration in developing countries is correlated with greater exports to industrial countries, but not with trade between developing countries or with exports from industrial countries.
>> More Details | created on: 09/26/2005
Global Outsourcing of Professional Services
By Satwik Seshasai & Amar Gupta, MIT Sloan Working Paper & Eller College Working Paper, January 1, 2004
As a growing number of firms outsource more of their professional services across geographic and temporal boundaries, one is faced with a corresponding need to examine the long-term ramifications on business and society. Some persons are convinced that cost considerations should reign as the predominant decision-making factor; others argue that outsourcing means permanent job loss; and still others believe outsourcing makes U.S. goods and services more competitive in the global marketplace. We assert that if outsourcing options need to be analyzed in detail with critical objectivity in order to derive benefits for the concerned constituencies.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
Toward the 24-Hour Knowledge Factory
By Amar Gupta & Satwik Seshasai, MIT Sloan Working Paper & Eller College Working Paper, January 1, 2004
The term 24-Hour Knowledge Factory connotes a globally distributed work environment in which members of the global team work on a project around the clock; each member of the team works the normal workday hours that pertain to his or her time zone. At the end of such a workday, a fellow team member located in a different time zone continues the same task. This creates the shift-style workforce that was originally conceived in the manufacturing sector. A globally distributed 24-hour call center is the simplest manifestation of this paradigm. The true example of the 24-hour factory paradigm discussed in this paper involves groups working together to accomplish a given set of deliverables, such as a software project, and transcending conventional spatial and temporal boundaries.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
What strategies are viable for developing countries today? The World Trade Organization and the shrinking of 'development space'
By Robert Hunter Wade, London School of Economics, November 1, 2003 (Subscription required)
The world is currently experiencing a surge of international regulations aimed at limiting the development policy options of developing country governments. Of the three big agreements coming out of the Uruguay Round - on investment measures (TRIMS), trade in services (GATS), and intellectual property rights (TRIPS) - the first two limit the authority of developing country governments to constrain the choices of companies operating in their territory, while the third requires the governments to enforce rigorous property rights of foreign (generally Western) firms.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
Understanding India’s Services Revolution
By James Gordon & Poonam Gupta, IMF, August 1, 2003
This paper analyzes the factors behind the growth of the services sector in India. The paper shows that growth acceleration of the services in the 1990s was mostly due to fast growth in communication services, financial services, business services (IT) and community services.
>> More Details | created on: 09/26/2005
A New Push on An Old Fundamental: Understanding the Patterns of Outsourcing
By Zhihao Yu, The Leverhulme Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy at the, June 30, 2003
For what kind of intermediate input/service do firms often go outsourcing? This paper develops a model of two-stage production in which economies of scope are central to the production of both the intermediate and final good. The model is able to explain the patterns of outsourcing from the degree of product differentiation, economies of scope, and economies of scale in production of the intermediate input relative to that of the final good. The recent surge of outsourcing activities is explained by a new push (progress in the general purpose technology, e.g., information technology) on an old fundamental economies of scope in production).
>> More Details | created on: 11/28/2005
Trade Liberalization and Strategic Outsourcing
By Yongmin Chen & Jota Ishikawa and others, GEP Paper Series, May 1, 2000
This paper develops a theory of strategic outsourcing that arises due to trade liberalization. With trade liberalization, a domestic firm may choose to purchase the intermediate good from a more efficient foreign producer, who also competes with the domestic firm in the final-good market. This can result in higher prices for both the intermediate and final goods.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005
The Impacts of Technology, Trade and Outsourcing on Employment and Labor Composition
By Catherine Morrison Paul & Don Siegel, GEP Research Paper, May 1, 2000
Since the late 1970s, there has been a shift in compensation and labour composition in favour of highly educated workers. A number of recent papers have identified trade, technology, and outsourcing as possible “causes” of these changes.
>> View Article | created on: 09/26/2005